Core Technology & Physics
31
Terms
Term Reference
31 terms| Term | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptor Photobleaching Acceptor Photobleaching FRET | FRET validation method where destroying the acceptor causes donor fluorescence to increase, confirming energy transfer w... | |
| aFRET amplified FRET | Amplified FRET using tyramide signal amplification to detect intramolecular activation states like kinase phosphorylatio... | |
| Autofluorescence Tissue Autofluorescence | Natural tissue fluorescence that creates background noise–overcome by lifetime-based FLIM detection. | |
| Chromophore Fluorescent Molecule | Light-absorbing molecule (like ATTO488 or Alexa594) that enables fluorescence detection and FRET measurements. | |
| Dipole Orientation (κ²) Orientation Factor in FRET | Factor (κ²) describing donor-acceptor dipole alignment; usually assumed " for random orientations. | |
| Donor-Acceptor Pair FRET Donor-Acceptor Chromophore Pair | Matched fluorophore pair (e.g., ATTO488/Alexa594) enabling FRET-based detection of molecular proximity. | |
| Excited State Electronic Excited State (S₁) | The higher-energy state (S₁) after photon absorption. Molecules relax via fluorescence, heat, or FRET—competition be... | |
| Exponential Decay Fluorescence Exponential Decay | The characteristic pattern of fluorescence fading over time: I(t) = I₀ × e^(-t/τ). FRET accelerates decay by providi... | |
| FLIM Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy | Imaging technique measuring how long fluorophores remain excited–independent of concentration, enabling quantitative F... | |
| FLIM-FRET Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy with FRET Detection | Combined technology using fluorescence lifetime measurement to quantify FRET–the foundation of QF-Pro functional bioma... | |
| Fluorescence Lifetime tau (tau) | Average time (typically 1–10 ns) a fluorophore stays excited before emitting a photon. Changes when FRET occurs. | |
| Forster Radius R<sub>0</sub> = 5.83 nm (ATTO488/Alexa594) | Distance at which FRET efficiency equals 50%–5.83 nm for ATTO488/Alexa594. Determines the effective detection range. | |
| Frequency-Domain FLIM Frequency-Domain Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging | FLIM technique using modulated excitation. Phase delay and demodulation of emission directly reveal fluorescence lifetim... | |
| FRET Forster Resonance Energy Transfer | Energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules at 1–10 nm distances–the physics enabling detection of protein-... | |
| FRET Efficiency E (Energy Transfer Efficiency) | Percentage of energy transferred from donor to acceptor. Higher efficiency = closer proximity. Calculated from lifetime ... | |
| Ground State Electronic Ground State (S₀) | The lowest-energy state (S₀) of a fluorophore—the stable starting point from which photon absorption initiates excit... | |
| iFRET immune-FRET | Immune-FRET assay detecting checkpoint receptor-ligand engagement (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1) at molecular distances in FFPE tiss... | |
| Immune Synapse Immunological Synapse | The T cell–target cell interface where checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions occur at 1-10 nm distances detectable b... | |
| IRF Instrument Response Function | The instrument's own temporal response, which blurs lifetime measurements. Must be measured and accounted for in analysi... | |
| Molecular Randomness Random, but Predictable | Individual molecular events are random, but populations follow predictable statistical patterns—the basis for lifetime... | |
| Phasor Plot Phasor Analysis / Universal Circle | A fit-free graphical method for lifetime analysis. Decays transform to 2D coordinates; position reveals lifetime without... | |
| QF-Pro Quantitative Functional Proteomics Platform | HAWK Biosystems' patented FRET reagent kit — paired with the Violet 3.0 FLIM system and QF-Pro Software to quantify pr... | |
| QF-Pro Applications & Clinical Evidence | Comprehensive guide to QF-Pro validated applications across cancer types, checkpoints, and clinical contexts. | |
| Quantum Yield Fluorescence Quantum Yield | Fraction of absorbed photons re-emitted as fluorescence–affects brightness and FRET range. | |
| Spectral Overlap Donor-Acceptor Spectral Overlap Integral | The overlap between donor emission and acceptor excitation spectra that enables non-radiative energy transfer. | |
| Stokes Shift Stokes Shift / Stokes Fluorescence Shift | The wavelength difference between absorption and emission peaks, caused by energy loss during excited state relaxation. ... | |
| Tau (τ) Fluorescence Lifetime Decay Constant | The decay time constant extracted from stochastic photon events. Individual emissions are random; their collective histo... | |
| TCSPC Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting | Time-domain detection method that measures fluorescence lifetime by timing individual photon arrivals with picosecond pr... | |
| Time-Domain FLIM Time-Domain Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging | FLIM using pulsed excitation and photon timing (TCSPC) to directly measure decay curves. High precision, well-suited for... | |
| TSA Tyramide Signal Amplification | Enzyme-mediated signal amplification (10–100×) enabling FRET detection of low-abundance protein interactions in clini... | |
| Violet 3.0 Violet 3.0 FLIM Platform | HAWK Biosystems' benchtop FLIM platform—the hardware that enables QF-Pro functional proteomics in any laboratory. |