Immune Checkpoints & Immunotherapy
16
Terms
Term Reference
16 terms| Term | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| 4-1BB/4-1BBL 4-1BB (CD137) / 4-1BB Ligand (CD137L) | Co-stimulatory checkpoint that enhances T cell and NK cell function. Agonist antibodies in development with focus on imp... | |
| CD155 CD155 / Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) | TIGIT ligand overexpressed in cancer–binds the inhibitory TIGIT receptor to suppress T cell and NK cell function. | |
| CD226 CD226 / DNAM-1 | Activating receptor competing with TIGIT for CD155–the balance determines immune activation vs. suppression. | |
| CEACAM1 Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 | Adhesion molecule serving as TIM-3 ligand, contributing to T cell exhaustion through both cis and trans interactions. | |
| CTLA-4/CD80 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 / Cluster of Differentiation 80 | Checkpoint controlling T cell priming. CTLA-4 outcompetes CD28 for CD80, suppressing activation. First checkpoint target... | |
| Galectin-9 Galectin-9 (GAL-9 / LGALS9) | TIM-3 ligand that induces T cell via lectin-carbohydrate interaction, contributing to tumor immune evasion. | |
| ICI Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | Checkpoint inhibitor antibodies (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab) releasing immune brakes. Response prediction rema... | |
| Immune Checkpoint Immune Checkpoint Receptor-Ligand System | Inhibitory receptor-ligand systems preventing autoimmunity–exploited by tumors for immune evasion. Therapeutic targets... | |
| LAG-3/MHC II Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 / Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II | Inhibitory receptor on exhausted T cells binding MHC-II. Relatlimab + nivolumab (Opdualag) FDA approved 2022. | |
| MHC Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II | Antigen-presenting molecules on APCs displaying peptides to CD4+ T cells. Also serves as LAG-3 ligand. | |
| OX40/OX40L OX40 (CD134) / OX40 Ligand (CD252) | Co-stimulatory checkpoint that enhances T cell function when engaged—therapeutic approach uses agonist antibodies to b... | |
| PD-1/PD-L1 Programmed Death Receptor/Ligand | Key checkpoint pathway. PD-L1 expression fails to predict response; iFRET-measured engagement correlates with survival (... | |
| TIGIT/CD155 T cell Immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains / CD155 (PVR) | Checkpoint on T/NK cells competing with DNAM-1 for CD155. Under active clinical development; engagement biomarkers neede... | |
| TIM-3 T cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin domain-3 | Exhaustion marker with multiple ligands (Galectin-9, CEACAM1, HMGB1). Complex biology makes functional measurement espec... | |
| TiME Tumor Immune Microenvironment | Tumor immune microenvironment–the cellular ecosystem where checkpoint interactions occur. Context determines outcome. | |
| VISTA V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation | Myeloid-expressed checkpoint functioning as both receptor and ligand. Targets distinct immunosuppressive axis. |